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Character closeness of the processes of mineral formation and dilution in natural waters under natural conditions, water intake and filtration facilities, is shown. Water treatment process is influenced not only by quality and quantity composition of dissolved components (Fe, silicon, calcium, organic acids bonds etc.), but also by their combinations. Microbal cenosis of underground waters and microorganisms, inhabiting equipment surfaces of water intake facilities, water treatment stations, pipelines, have much influence on colmatation processes, water quality and stable work of filtration loading.

Key words: natural waters, treatment, external action, geobiochemical cycles, “water-rock” systems, Fe (iron), aluminum, mineral formation, active and non-active impurities, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, bound water, microorganisms, iron bacteria, biologica O.D. Lukashevich, N.T. Usova. стр. 3–15 Tabl: 2

Some compositions for nature (e.g. river) water treatment or tap water post-treatment under domestic conditions, by very simple treatment, are proposed. Treated water quality corresponds to drinking water norms according to five main rates.

Key words: natural and drinking water, treatment under domestic conditions. E.D. Gelfand. стр. 16–19 Tabl: 4

Experiments proved the possibility of production and use of the materials with filtering, sorptographic, photocatalystic properties on the basis of polymerous microfiber, modified by tin, titanium and silver oxides, during water treatment.

Key words: microfibers, modified polypropylene, heavy metal ions, semiconductor properties, sorption, oil products, photoactive nanoparticles, metal oxides, photocatalysis, bacteria, viruses, disinfection, thermodestruction, thermooxidation. G.G. Volokitin, T.D. Malinovskaya, O.D. Lukashevich, G.V. Lysak, I.A. Lysak стр. 21–29 Tabl: 2 ill: 3

With the help of a nuclearpower microscope they’ve received the pictures of fat particles form in soap and fat containing waste waters, which passed ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes (150 nm, 20 nm), where fat concentration in treated waste waters does not reach 50 mg/l, and nanofiltration on the ceramic membrane 10 nm, where 20 mg/l is reached. Preliminary results show that fat particles’ form is evidence of waste water pollution with fat substances. Fat particles have the form of a nice petal at treated waste water till fat concentration is 20 mg/l, and at more pollution – spongy fibrillar (fibrous) structure, which differs from a petal form. Fat particles in the form of nice petals indicate waste water clean treatment from fats and may be a quality criteria for pollution rate.

Key words: soap and fat containing waste waters, ultra- and nanofiltration, particles’ form. V.S. Machigin, L.N. Scherbakova, L.A. Sanova стр. 30–39 Tabl: 1 ill: 14

Circulating water composition of the refinery’s circulating water systems is studied. Oil products maximum permissible concentration, not influencing circulating water corrosive characteristics, is defined. Changes in circulating water composition and characteristics are studied under increasing of system tightness. Values of Langelie and Larson-Skold rates are calculated under different degrees of system tightness and their influence on equipment corrosion speed is shown. The main corrosion-active bonds in circulating water are defined under different degrees of system tightness.

Key words: oil processing, water recycling system, corrosion-active impurities, physical chemical characteristics, oil products influence on corrosion, scale formation and biological characteristics, Langelie’s index, Larsen-Skold’s index, system hermeticity, sulpha V.Y. Kolotov. стр. 40–48 ill: 5

Detailed studying of features of spring algal bloom of diatom algae in the drain of the Uchinsky reservoir has shown, that the period of algal bloom depends on temperature, speed and wind fluctuations of number of algae in the drain. The general level of development of diatom algae depends on hydrochemical conditions. The dependence is especially shown on quantity of various forms of nitrogen and mineral phosphorus. Daily data are helpful in forecasting of quality of water, which arrives to the waterworks.

Key words: drain of the Uchinsky reservoir, algal bloom of diatom algae, temperature, speed and wind fluctuations, quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus, forecasting of quality of water. I.M. Vorozhun, T.M. Zhigulina. стр. 49–59 Tabl: 3 ill: 1

In the paper, the possibility was verified of an increase in content of several chemical elements in the biogenic detritus after their adding to water in the form of the solution of salts. The experiments were run in laboratory microcosms, which gives an opportunity to control the conditions of the experiment. The microcosms contained two species of common aquatic organisms – Viviparus viviparus и Ceratophyllum demersum L. As a result, it was discovered that after adding the mix of salts, there is an increase in the concentration of La, Ce, Cr and Co in the detritus. It is the first experimental evidence that adding chemical elements to water leads to an increase of their concentration in the biogenic detritus.

Key words: biogenic detritus, microcosms, the biota, water quality, water self-purification, mollusks, macrophytes, heavy metals, Fe, Zn, La, Ce, Cr, Co, Viviparus viviparus, Ceratophyllum demersum. S.A. Ostroumov, G.M. Kolesov, S.V. Kotelevtsev, Yu.A. Moiseeva, G.Yu. Kazakov. стр. 60–68 Tabl: 4

At the present time the following water puzzles are topical: water capability to change without reagent its physical, chemical characteristics, biological and physiological functions; water and water systems capability to interact distantly; water “memory”, that is its capability to receive, save, transfer and lose information. All abovementioned water characteristics are well known to the mankind, they are used practically, but don’t have scientific explanation. The authors of the book “Water: problems and solutions” will try to understand and explain the abovementioned mysterious phenomena from materialistic point of view.

Key words: water, aggregate states, structural informational characteristics, hydrogen bonds, anomaly characteristics, “memory”, force fields, characteristics changes without reagent, distant interaction. V.I. Slesarev, A.V. Shabrov. стр. 69–79 Tabl: 2