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The analysis of basic principles, which should form the basis of regional programs "Drinking water", and conditions, which can assure real improvement hydroeconomic situations in regions, are represented in the article.

Potential assessments of aquatic resources in Krasnoyarsk and Altai Territories and Republic of Khakassia and analysis of main pollution structure and their sources are presented in the article.

The article represents theoretic, technologic and economic foundation of socially important innovation mobile-cartridge water-supply system for small populated localities. This foundation was piecewise worked through in industrial conditions. The system can be adapted to regional specific while investment project developing.

This article represents research results of structure and sorption properties of two solid-globular structure polymers, which are produced in experimental-industrial scopes – sorbents FEL-8 (resorcin-formaldehyde polymer) and FEL-80 (carboxyresorcin-formaldehyde polymer). Unique properties allow to use ionite FEL-8 efficiently in solution treatment technology from non-ferrous metals and oil-products. Ionites FEL-8 and FEL-80 are efficiently used for superspeed cleaning of drinking water from active chlorine. Dredges and colloidal particles, non-ferrous metals and iron ions, hardness cations, organic pollutants, radio nuclides, partly boron, chrome, solution gas and other impurities are removed from purified water along with active chlorine in high-speed filtration regime (till 200 specific volume/hour).

In the clause, there are considered the issues of borehole affections on day water and groundwater of gas - and oilfield. There is also proposed the solving project of problems appeared in boring regions.

Since 1990 the Agricultural University of Norway and Alfa Laval Agri Ltd have developed a small scale thermophilic aerobic reactor for processing liquid organic wastes and turning them into a stable and hygienic product. The reactor has proven to be a multipurpose reactor, that can process a wide range of organic substrates with VS-contents from about 1,5-9%. It is a prefabricated, compact and self contained unit with all parts mutually adapted to each other, and suitable for local operation. A control system runs the process based on given set values to predict the product quality. The most unique results obtained are high oxygen utilization, low air flow, no ammonia loss and very low odour release. The reactor causes no atmospheric pollution. The degradation of organic matter is moderate, and the processed substrate has the highest possible agronomic value. The hygienic quality of the pro¬duct satisfies the criteria set by the Norwegian authorities. The stability of the product proved to be sufficient for a storage period of 10 months. By controlling the process carefully, same results are obtained in this one-stage reactor as in two-stage reactors. Use of one-stage instead of two-stage reactor means reduced investments and simplified operation. (Q) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Mechanisms for the implementation of drinking water supply upgrading are discussed in the article. Meanings of methods, based on definition of clear discount income, internal rate of return, pay-back period and productivity of an enterprise are shown in justification of invest-ments into a new construction or waterworks reconstruction. Examples of efficiency estimation of investments on water-supply existing systems of the villages Parabel and Kargasok in Tomsk region are given. Those systems are notable for circumstances and profitability.

Tabl. 2, ill. 1, bibliogr.: 7 ref.

Problems, which originate from usage of utility-type water-purifying filters, are ana-lyzed. Those filters are intended for treatment of water, consumed from centralized water-supply systems, where natural water is exposed to purification, disinfection and obeys San-PIN 2.1.4.1074-01 «Drinking water» before infeed into distributive water-supply network. Because of network worn-out state and subnormal exploitation level of water-supply systems, water from centralized water-supply sources doesn’t correspond to a requirement for drinking water and needs post treatment. Wide spectrum of utility-type water-purifying filters, which differ on operating principle and functions, is analyzed in this article.

Ill. 2, bibliogr.: 6 ref.

The analysis of basic principles, which should form the basis of regional programs «Drinking water», and conditions, which can assure real improvement hydroeconomic situa-tions in regions, are represented in the article.

Tabl. 2, ill. 1, bibliogr.: 17 ref.

Questions, which are concerned with physical-chemical study, deposition conditions and usage methods of scourage ferriferous dregs from filters, are examined. This action allows to improve ecological situation on a territory close to dreg storage places and discharge of fer-riferous waste waters.

Tabl. 2, ill. 5, bibliogr.: 10 ref.

Durability of aerator working is the main condition of their use and depends on their pro-tection level from choking up. Choking up is a result of dust accumulation in interstices and penetration of activated sludge bacteria in aerators while blower shut-off. With that aerators vary in unprotected (from dust and silt), partly protected and self-cleaning. The result analysis of tests of different type aerators at treatment plants in the USA. This analysis allows to recommend changing aerators no less than after 3-year-exploitation.

Tabl. 1, bibliogr.: 4 ref.

Reagent-chemical methods are traditionally used for disinfection of objects of ecological interest from eggs of helminthes infestation causative agents. But high efficiency of these methods is risk-bearing with secondary pollution of a disinfect object, risk for a man and low efficiency about helminth causative agents. Application of «BINGSTI» preparation, made from juvenile forms of solanaceous, per-mits to lower sanitary and ecological risks and it is safe for service staff, soil flora, hydrosols and bacteria. Preparation properties, mechanism of its effect against helminth causative agents are ex-amined in the article. Research results of preparation effect on objects of ecological interest (soil, waste waters, waste water sediments) are presented. It is shown that usage of environ-mentally safe plant preparation permits to find a problem optimal solution in sanitary-ecological risk control of mass parasites progression of animals and man.

Tabl. 12, ill. 1, bibliogr.: 25 ref.

Physical aspects of magneto-whirling activation of water flows, running through dielec-tric pipes, are examined in the article. It is shown a possibility of its usage for pre-treatment of water with big salinity, overmuch hardness or high iron reading.

Tabl. 1, bibliogr.: 43 ref.

Retrospective analysis of scientific and technical literature concerning natural and wastewaters treatment in terms of nanoeffects is performed. It’s shown that the present level of nanotechnology development allows to achieve high efficiency in removing chemical and biological polluants from water using such processes as ultra- and nanofiltration, sorption, photocatalytic mineralization and coagulation.
Key words: treatement and usage of wastewaters; displaying and usage of nanoeffects; ultra- and nanofiltration; sorption; photocalitic mineralization; coagulation.
Bibliogr.: 23 ref.

Results of bench tests of two-membrane elements with ultrafiltration membranes of «Norit» and «Inge» companies for the evaluation of possibilities of modernization of technology of water treatment for the purpose of increasing of protective functions of treatment facilities are presented.
It is shown that the most favorable in terms of economic and technical parameters for processing of river water with added coagulator is the ultrafiltration membrane produced by «Norit» company.
Key words: water treatment, potable water posttreatment; membrane technology; an ultrafiltration on hollow fiber membranes; membranes of «Norit» and «Inge» companies; technical and economic parameters.<>br Tabl. 3, ill. 3, bibliogr.: 4 ref.

Real technological possibilities of utilization of flush water of filtering facilities independently of the accepted scheme for water treatment are shown. The presented engineering solutions offered as a result of collaboration of FGUP Saint-Petersburg of scientific research institute KH and Joint-Stock Company «PI «Leningrad Vodokanalproekt», allow to utilize the flush waters at both one-stage and two-stage water treatment schemes.
Key words: water treatment plants; filtering facilities; flush water; utilization; one-stage water treatment scheme; two-stage water treatment scheme.

The approached equation of filtration speed with a minimum number of the coefficients defined experimentally on the basis of which it is possible to calculate the speed and the volume of filtrate at any moment of time is resulted. The technique of experimental data processing is developed on the basis of which the coefficients and parameters of investigated process are calculated.
Examples of practical usage of established equation are presented.
Key words: submerged membrane bioreactor; the equation for filtration speed; the technique of experimental data processing for calculation of investigated process coefficients and parameters; practical usage of the equation.
Ill. 3, bibliogr.: 3 ref.

The problems of stability of water feed systems operating with closed irrigation system with application of adjustable pump units (APU) are considered.
Criteria and conditions for continuous management of distributed systems of water feed and water distribution when using АPU are presented.
Key words: water feed systems; closed irrigation system; adjustable pump units; throttleable systems and systems with frequency control of pump impeller rotation; comparative analysis of stability; stability margin.
Ill. 2, bibliogr.: 4 ref.

The comparative analysis of validity and reliability of measurements of water flow in pipelines of big diameters by commonly used on practice pulse-time-and vortex immersed flowmeters, proceeding from the physical principles on which the operation of these devices is based, is presented. It is shown that the usage of vortex immersed counters has a number of advantages over ultrasonic flowmeters; a fair stability to external influencing factors provides a reliability of instrument readings in real practice operation.
Key words: pipelines of big diameters; water flow; pulse-time flowmeters; vortex immersed flowmeters; efficiency and reliability analysis
Tabl. 1.

A new method of recurrent xenobiotic additions (on exemples of dodecyl sulfate and synthetic detergent) is developed and successfully applied to studying the tolerance of plants that are prospective tools to remediate polluted aquatic systems. The method was applied and proved to be efficient when studying 5 species of aquatic macrophytes (Elodea canadensis Michx., Potamogeton crispus L., Najas guadelupensis L., Fontinalis antipyretica L., and the macrophyte OST-1). Under the experimental conditions used, the maximal tolerable load of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate on the system with the macrophyte OST-1 was 460,0 mg/L the incubation time being 213 days over this period. The maximal tolerable load of detergent for this macrophyte was 1687,5 mg/L (the incubation time being 314 days).
Key words: ecotechnology; polluted water treatment; phytoremediation; aquatic plants; macrophytes; xenobiotics; recurrent additions; surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulphate; detergents.
Tabl. 4, bibliogr.: 12 ref.

In the aquatic microcosms with the anionic surfactant, (sodium dodecyl sulphate), in presence of the phytomass of the macrophyte OST1, the acceleration occurred of the restoration of the normal level of the surface tension. The level of the surface tension changed towards those of the pure water. This result was in accord with the hypothesis that in the presence of the macrophyte, an increase in the rate of the removal of the surfactant from water takes place. The results contribute to better understanding of the role of plants in the fate of the aquatic pollutant that represents the class of synthetic surfactants. The results confirm also the suggestion that plants are prospective agents to be used to phytoremediate the environments polluted with synthetic surfactants and detergents.
Key words: surface tension; ecotechnology; phytotechnology; polluted water treatment; phytoremediation; aquatic plants; macrophytes; xenobiotics; surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulphate.
Tabl. 1, bibliogr.: 8 ref.

The inaccuracies and basic errors (from the author’s point of view) in the text of the document are discussed.
Key words: polluting substances; admissible standards of discharge with treated waters; admissible discharge mass; necessary and sufficient degree of wastewater treatment; efficiency of treatment facilities; dilution ratio; mixture factor.
Tabl. 2, bibliogr.: 2 ref.

The paper is aimed to solve the issues related to methodology of establishing and adjusting the standards of natural water quality in compliance with European Classification of water bodies and methodologies to determine the environmental status of rivers.
The paper provides for analysis of regulatory documents on management of water quality of water bodies, describes the requirements of regulatory documents, and highlights strengths and weaknesses of water quality standardization mechanism.
Key words: standards of water storage quality; water bodies, admissible concentration limit Concentrations (ACL); admissible discharge limit (ADL); water quality standardization; discharge limits.
Bibliogr.: 10 ref.

The hydroaudit actuality as a current expert estimation of water storage state in the conditions of increasing deficiency of fresh water is shown. Hydroaudit carrying out at all stages of investment or industrial activity allows to minimise financial losses for operating water legislation violation, in need of emergency liquidation of consequences of exhaustion of water-bearing horizont, and also at the decision of variety of other problems of water consumption and water removal.
Key words: water supply; water removal; fresh water world’s reserves; hydroaudit as a stage of investments validation for water supply and water removal of object.

Company KSB offers a novelty: pump Amarex N 32 – very ligntweight and compact.
Owing to constructive modifications the efficiency of the engine is increased by 10%.
Pump Amarex N 32 is applied for pumping of sewage water of any sort: in municipal services, the industry and technological processes. Due to its compact sizes this pump fits for installation in tanks and narrow mines. Because of stators are not pasted in the engine case, but are connected with it by plug-in connector, the engine efficiency managed to be increased by 10%.
Key words: pump Amarex N 32; plug-in connection of stators; efficiency.
Ill. 3.

The essence of water quality problem is considered; six main constituents of it are specified as follows: technical, economical, technical-and-economic, regulatory, ecological and social. A complex character of this problem is revealed and the different ways forward are suggested. The elements of security protection system for water supply are indicated.
Key words: water quality; system analysis for water quality assurance; decomposition; water quality problem structure; emergency situation conditions; security protection system for water supply.
Ill. 2, bibliogr 2 ref.

The role of chemical science and engineering in ensuring of sustainable development of water consumption under conditions of fresh water reserves depletion and potable water quality deterioration is discussed: the elaboration of scientific basis for water treatment with the use of new generations of coagulants, flocculants and dispersants; the realization of closed water consumption approach; the development of new inexpensive processes for sea water and ocean water desalination; the elaboration of scientific basis for water disinfection; an extended implantation of analytical chemistry advanced techniques in water quality monitoring.
Key words: chemical science and engineering; scientific and technologic basis and components of waterworks.
Bibliogr 33 ref.

Results are presented of the physico-chemical and biological investigation of the basic products resulting from the water treatment plant operation, namely, of the post-treatment sediment and waste water. A hydrobiological evaluation is performed of the condition of the Protva river, into which cleared drains are dumped. Criteria are formulated for ecological risk evaluation and a conclusion is made about the likely toxic influence of certain predominant pollutants (nickel, zinc and copper ions) on the river aquifer.
Key words: water treatment plant operation; toxic influence on waste water biota; pollution of terrain and ground waters with high heavy metals and pathogenous microorganisms concentrations; criteria for ecological risk evaluation
Tabl. 5, ill. 2, bibliogr.: 4 ref.

Wet air oxidation (WAO) is a hydrothermal treatment process that has been commercialized for approximately 50 years. Over 200 industrial or municipal WAO systems have been constructed. The process is operated in a pressurized hydrothermal reactor in the sub-critical water temperature and pressure range with the system conditions usually under 320°C and 214 bar (608°F/3100 psig). This process is usually applied for the treatment of high strength wastewaters with components that are difficult or uneconomical to treat via conventional biological treatment or incineration. WAO has also been used for the treatment of municipal sludge to minimize the consumption of landfill capacity. In the majority of WAO wastewater applications, subsequent biological treatment of the WAO effluent is required. Another application of WAO includes the integration into industrial processes for insitu removal of impurities, such as in crystallization.
Key words: waste water treatment; municipal sewage sludge treatment; wet air oxidation; processes and facilities for hydrothermal treatment under sub-critical conditions.
Ill. 7, bibliogr 61 ref.

The results of studies on waste waters treatment with natural zeolite of Chankanaiskoye field are presented. The possibilities of zeolitic process application for waste water deoiling are shown: the operating parameters of waste water treatment plant are improved so that purified waste water may be used at the shop of primary oil preparation for oil desalting. The implantation of advanced process for zeolitic waste water deoiling doesn’t need any reconstruction of existing flow-sheet and doesn’t involve high investment cost.
Key words: oil products; waste water treatment; zeolitic treatment process
Tabl. 2.

This paper deals with the development and application of two methods for the de-contamination of waste and underground water polluted by a variety of hazardous halogenated organic substances, namely polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorophenols, perchlorates and especially their decomposition products dichloroethanes and vinyl chloride, and potentially also polybrominated diphenyl ethers. The decomposition of organic substances by active radicals (Fenton reaction under the action of UV-irradiation) and by reductive dehalogenation (dehalogenation of organics on metallic Pd deposited on different supports at the presence of zero-valent iron-Pd/Fe) has been studied. To test the efficiency of both methods, water spiked with contaminants in the laboratory and real contaminated water samples collected from the field were treated. The results presented document the feasibility of both methods, even though their efficiencies differ from those reported in the literature. The weak point of both methods is a tendency to gradual blocking of catalyst and UV lamp surfaces by inorganic precipitates when treating waters originating from polluted industrial sites.
Key words: Solid wastes; PCB; Vinyl chloride; Chlorophenols; PBDE; Waste and underground water; Reductive dehalogenation; Pd/Fe; Fenton reaction; UV irradiation
Tabl. 3, ill. 3, bibliogr.: 17 ref.

The results of the studies on development of new highly selective nanostructured ion-exchange materials with multilayer micro- and macrostructure are discussed and the realization of highly selective ultrafast ion-exchange and sorption-filtration processes based on these materials is described. The examples of the processes based on the use of synthetic pyrocatechin АНГ-polymers are given.
Key words: processes for ion-exchange treatment of water-base systems; ion-exchange resins of polymerization type based on vinyl monomers; ion-exchange resins of polycondensation type; nanostructured ion-exchange materials based on pyroctechin
Tabl. 1, ill. 6, bibliogr.: 6 ref.