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Archive
№ 1
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UDC 628.1
Problems and prospects for municipal waterworks development
Legislative, technical and ecological normative bases for municipal waterworks of Belarus, Russia, CIS countries and countries of European Community are analyzed. The need of early adoption of Water Code, consolidated for CIS countries, and of government financial support of domestic scientific schools are emphasized, these measures being economically advisable for domestic economics development et import reduction.
Key words: normative base for municipal waterworks.
Tabl.1
Yu.P. Sedlucho, S.A. Ivanov
стр. 3–9
UDC 628.033: 628.11: 504.4
Risk management at drinking water utilities
The risks for water-supply systems are considered, including those arising in connection with terroristic acts or natural disasters, and the specificity of managerial work under crisis conditions is discussed. The following documents are discussed in this connection. The agreement ISO/IWA 6:2008 «Guidelines for the management of drinking water utilities under crisis conditions». The drafts of standards ISO (series 24500) in the fields of water supply and water disposal are presented. Canadian system ХАССП is considered, that constitutes a detailed step-by-step guidelines suitable for any operator of potable water supply system and proposes a system of risks identification. American Water Works Association (AWWA) published in 2004 a detail national «Safety Guide for Water Public Utility Companies» which is based on the axiom: «the best protection is a well-thought-out and well-run safety and security system».
Key words: risks for water-supply systems; classification; international documents for the management of drinking water utilities under crisis conditions; ISO/IWA 6:2008; standards ISO (series 24500); standard ISO 24512:2007; Canadian system ХАССП; American guidelines and regulations concerning safety at water public utilities.
Tabl. 2, ill. 1, bibliogr.: 5 ref.
S.A. Chochlavin
стр. 10–23
UDC 628.13 : 628.192
Valid engineering decision for potable water tanks sanitation
The methods of potable water tanks sanitation are discussed. The advantages of coating with a long-lived protective material – a certified product MC-RIM – are shown. MC-RIM is an innovation system integrating DySC technology which is based on the utilization of latent hydraulic and puzzolanic components improving the strength of protective coating. Due to mineral recrystallization and neocrystallisation in the matrix this system constitutes a valid and long-lived protection against corrosion and hydrolysis and permanently improve its resistance in the course of exploitation. Actually the product is being used in Germany and is quite popular in Europe and South America.
Key words: potable water tanks; sanitation; product MC-RIM; DySC technology.
Ill.4
E. Artemenko
стр. 24–26
UDC 628.33
Flotation technology utilization in prigress schemes for waste treatment
An analysis of existing types of flotation technology is presented and the applicability and the advantages of considered methods are shown depending on local waters and contamination nature. A number of flotation plant designs is considered and their efficiency under operation conditions is evaluated.
Key words: process schemes for waste waters treatment; flotation plant designs; operational efficiency
Ill. 9
V.G. Ponomarev
стр. 27–35
UDC 065.1.013.8 : 628.543
Treating of soap facilities spent-soap lye using zero-discharge technology providing for valuable components recovery and recycling
A review of current techniques for spent-soap lye treatment is presented and their advantages and drawbacks are considered. A four-stage technology for spent-soap lye treatment is proposed, this technique permitting the recovery of valuable components and creating a zero-discharge facility without any adverse environmental impact.
Key words: spent-soap lye, methods of treatment: mechanicals, chemical reagent treating methods, combined, membrane methods, ultra-filtration, freezing-out, ion-exchange, electrochemical and biochemical methods, reverse osmosis, electro analysis, crystallization, melting, alkaline wastes neutralization, thermal methods; fire decontamination flow-sheet; harmful substances release.
Tabl.1, ill. 1, bibliogr.: 2 ref.
V.S. Matchigin, L.N. Scherbakova, V.I.Pochernikov, L.A.Sanova, V.I.Iakovlev
стр. 36–51
UDC 628.3
Physico-chemical methods of odor removal,
a comparison with the other techniques
The principles of technologies for photocatalytic oxidation and ionization are described, these techniques being intended for effluent gases treatment at wastewater treatment works, water treating plants, and industrial facilities.
Key words: air cleaning at wastewater treatment works; technology for photocatalytic oxidation; ionization technology; physico-chemical principles; prospects for application.
Ill. 3
L. Chefrani, K. Hartig
стр. 52–56
UDC 556:628.1
Not backward, but in the future
The problems of prospects for returning to the project of diversion of a part of northern rivers runoff towards south areas is brought up in the context of the discussion of Moscow mayor Yu.Luzhkov’s book «Water and Peace».
Key words: «Water and Peace» (Yu.Luzhkov); northern rivers runoff; projects of runoff diversion towards south areas; economical and social facets.
N. Pereiaslov
стр. 57–62
UDC 628.4 : 628.544
Natural resources: wastes
The problems of waste reclamation and reprocessing into by-products or energy are quite severs. Fourwinds Capital Management company specializes in «products resulted from manufacturing activity » and natural resources and is establishing a fund for waste treatment industry investment all over the world.
Key words: wastes; reprocessing into by-products or energy; investment foundation of Fourwinds Capital Management company.
Marc de Hennin
стр. 63-64
UDC 628.1.165
This work is addressed to sweet water fans
Various problems of sea water desalination are considered, such as: the methods and the facilities, the renewable energy sources ...
Key words: sea water desalination, renewable energy sources
Ill. 4
O.L. Tataurov
стр. 65–67
UDC 628.1.03 : 628.33
Pyre water unknown properties
Key words: phenomenon of autonanoclathratation; reagentless changes of water oxidation-reduction properties; weak physical fields; presumable mechanism of water treatment with the use of filters УСВР
Ill. 1
V.I. Slesarev, A.V. Chavrov
стр. 68–70
UDC 574.6:574.635
On new research on interractions between pollutants and macrophytes in connection with studies of their phytoremediation potential
On new research on interactions between pollutants and macrophytes in connection with studies of their phytoremediation potential. The letter to editor is the response of the author to some innovative and useful publications on experiments on interactions between pollutants and macrophytes, which is important to create the scientific basis for phytoremediation and use of phytotechnologies. The studies of macrophytes Elodea canadensis Mchk., Potamogeton crispus L., Najas guadelupensis L., Fontinalis antipyretica L., Salvinia natans L., Salvinia auriculata Aubl. are commented by the author with reference to their phytoremediation potential.
Key words: pollutants, macrophytes, phytoremediation, phytotechnologies, surfactants, detergents, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton crispus, Najas guadelupensis, Fontinalis antipyretica, Salvinia natans, Salvinia auriculata
V.K. Zhirov
стр. 72–74
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№ 2
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UDC 628.11:628.1.032:628.16
Physico-chemical processes running under natural conditions and during the treatment of natural and waste waters
A conception based on mechanism of groundwater self-purification in natural and natural-technical systems is suggested. A geoecological (including geochemical and geobiochemical) system of water self-purification can be considered as a theoretical basis for pure drinking water production. This idea is proved by the facts confirming the role of physical, chemical and biotic processes for surface and underground waters self-purification.
Key words: physico-chemical processes in water treatment technologies and under natural conditions; conception of endogenous self-purification of natural waters in technical systems of water supply.
O.D.Lukashevich, N.T.Usova.
стр. 3–12
Tabl: 2
ill: 1
UDC 628.1:628.147.22:620.193
The problems of internal corrosion in Ukrainian domestic and drinking water supply systems and in public heating supply systems: their regulatory control and suggested issues
The problems of internal corrosion in Ukrainian domestic and drinking water supply systems and in public heating supply systems are considered and some issues are suggested. A high efficiency of corrosion inhibitor “Sea-Quest” is demonstrated, this product being largely used for corrosion control of delivery mains and municipal water distribution systems in 37 countries throughout the world, including Great-Britain, France, USA … The results of water corrosion activity measurements are given. The product “Sea-Quest” makes it possible to improve the water quality, to reduce the consumption of chlorine used for maintenance of piping sanitary state and to increase the flow capacity of piping.
Key words: corrosion activity of water; internal corrosion of piping and equipment; corrosion tests – methods; anticorrosion measures: corrosion inhibitors, electrochemical protection, anodic protection, product “Sea-Quest”.
K.Yu.Zagorodnjuk, M.G.Novikov, S.T.Omelchuk, N.I.Nikulin, Yu.V.Zagorodnjuk.
стр. 13–23
ill: 9
UDC 628.14.142:628.17.08:681.121
The transition from formally stated norms to instrumental registration of consumed drinking water
By the specific examples the advantage of instrumental registration of actual water consumption is shown, this value being considerably lower then formally stated norms and non depending on the number of formally registered tenants. Instrumental registration provides an important money saving in comparison with normalized billing.
Key words: stated norm of consumed water; water meters; examples of water payment calculations according to stated norms and on the basis of instrumental registration; economic effect.
V.V.Dzjubo, L.I.Alferova.
стр. 24–27
UDC 628.354
Removal of organic carbon and biogenic elements from wastewater with the use of sand filters
The on-site treatment of wastewaters from single dwellings requires simple, low maintenance systems that reduce the chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD respectively), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), orthophosphate (PO4-P), phosphorus (P), and microorganisms to acceptable concentrations. Sand filters have the potential to achieve these reductions. In this study, a sand tank model of a percolation trench and filter was constructed in the laboratory, loaded with wastewater, and monitored for a period of 293 days. The silty sand filter was seeded for 153 days with effluent from an aerobic biofilm treatment unit. The filter was then loaded with synthetic wastewater of domestic strength for 193 days, when the average organic and hydraulic loading rates on the percolation trench were 13.33 g BOD/m2d and 75 L/m2d respectively. Removal rates of 90% for total COD, 99.3% for BOD5, >99% for total NH4-N, 89% for total PO4-P, and 96% for total suspended solids (TSS) were recorded during the study. No excessive clogging of the sand filter was observed. During the study very good dispersion of the wastewater over the sand filter by the percolation trench was recorded. The sand filter was simple to construct and operate and achieved excellent results.
Key words: cottages; local water treatment; sand filters; percolation trench.
Rodgers M., Clifford E., Mulqueen J., Ballantine P.
стр. 28–41
Tabl: 5
ill: 5
UDC 628.163:628.353
Insuring of filtering rate in membrane bioreactor through the use of various techniques
Membrane bioreactors (MBR) combine biological processes with membrane filtration. The main obstacle to efficient operation remains the deterioration of membrane permeability with time. One possible approach to the fouling issue is sub-critical flux operation. Other options are air sparging and backflushing. This study investigated the impact of air sparging and backflushing on flux enhancement, as well as exploring the relationship between use of these strategies and critical flux. The research was accomplished in pilot plant scale using a 70 L reactor fed with glucose-based synthetic wastewater at temperatures around 20°C and MLSS of approximately 10 g/L. Results showed mat air sparging and backflushing each increased the flux in the MBR. Using both strategies at low transmembrane pressures (TMP) yielded the most substantial flux enhancement (factor 2) at sub-critical conditions. Without enhancement, no critical flux could be identified for permeate flow rates of less than 2/3 of the limiting flux, and the flux dropped to 20% of the limiting flux after 8 days in pseudo-steady state. With a combination of air sparging and backflushing at low TMP (38 kPa), it was possible to maintain flux for the same time frame at about 40% of the limiting flux. The fact that no fouling occurred indicates (by definition) sub-critical flux.
Key words: Membrane bioreactor, Fouling; Critical flux; Limiting flux; Pseudo-steady state flux; Air sparging; Backflushing; Synthetic wastewater.
Psoch C., Schiever S.
стр. 42–55
Tabl: 1
ill: 8
UDC 065.1.013.8:628.334.5:628.383
The soap plant spent-soap lye treatment using a zero-discharge technology with production of Ca-Na soap chips and sodium chloride recycling
The problems of soap plant fatty wastes (spent-soap lye, goudron) through the use of zero-discharge technology are discussed. The organization of the production of a number of new commercial products, such as calcium salts of fatty acids, Ca-Na soap chips and sodium chloride is also considered.
Key words: food plant ecologization; spent-soap lye; wastes (goudron); treatment process flow-sheet; process parameters; new commercial products fabrication.
V.S.Machigin, L.N.Scherbakova, Yu.M.Postolov, V.I.Yakovlev.
стр. 56–61
ill: 1
UDC 557.475: 574.5: 574.6
The determination of gold and other chemical elements in the constituents of the aquatic ecosystems by neutron activation
Using the method of neutron activation the concentrations of Au, Hf and Cs were determined for the first time in biogenic detritus formed during seven months in freshwater microcosms containing bacteria Viviparus viviparus, Unio pictorum, Ceratophyllum demersum. Measured concentrations of gold in biogenic detritus were as high as 25 – 270 ng/g (for detritus dry weight), average concentration being as high as 147.5 ng/g. Average concentration of Hf and Cs in biogenic detritus were of one order higher. Obtained data supplement and confirm the conception of biota polyfunctional role in aquatic ecosystems (ДАН, 2004. Т. 396, с.136–141).
Key words: aquatic ecosystems, detritus, shellfish, bivalves, xenobiotics, pollutants, pollution, water quality, freshwater objects, inhibitory effects, sublethal concentrations, Lymnaea stagnalis, Au, Viviparus viviparus, Unio pictorum, Ceratophyllum demersum.
method S.A.Ostroumov, G.M.Kolesov.
стр. 62–68
Tabl: 4
UDC 594.124:574.64(262.5)
Studying interactions between pollutants and aquatic organisms
This is the author’s comment on a string of some recent publications that explored three topics: (1) interactions between organisms and pollutants that lead to water self-purification and control of water quality; (2) Interactions between organisms and pollutants that lead to the accumulation of the pollutants in the tissues of those organisms; (3) studying of the allowable (tolerated) loads of pollutants on aquatic organisms (macrophytes) in order to contribute to ecotechnologies of water treatment – the technologies that use organisms as factors in remediation of the aquatic environment.
Key words: interactions between pollutants and organisms, self-purification of water, accumulation of pollutants, ecotechnologies, remediation of environment, phytoremediation, loads of toxicants, aquatic pollution, method of recurrent additions, heavy metals, aquat
V.V.Ermakov.
стр. 69–73
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№ 3
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UDC 628.1.033
Drinking water is a state problem. New solutions are necessary.
Discussing of the problems of drinking water quality and their solutions by tap water aftertreatment with the help of domestic filters or by using of butylated water. It is shown, that the given variants don’t solve the problem. On the author’s opinion, every person must purify water by himself (!), and the State must supply him with a simple, cheap and effective instrument, guaranteeing effective treatment of even highly polluted natural waters.
Key words: drinking water; quality; aftertreatment; domestic filters; butylated water.
E.D. Gelfand.
стр. 3–5
UDC 556:543.32:628.162.1:628.162.84
Water. Problems. Part 3. KDF. What is it?
Characteristics and directions review of using of the material named KDF abroad. Some doubts concerning well¬advertised KDF characteristics were expressed and experimental data of verification of these characteristics were presented.
Key words: KDF, water treatment; Fe, Mg, heavy metals, inflexibility, disinfection, microorganisms, hydrogen sulphide.
Bibliogr.
- 1. KDF Fluid Treatment’s Patented Water Filter Media for Water Treatment Process Described Along with Our Company Background/KDF Fluid Treatment, Inc./ KDF.htm
- 2. http://www.kdfft.com/HowItWorks.htm
- 3. http://www.kdfft.com/success_clorine.htm
- 4. http://www.zeldin.ru/index2.php?cat=articl&numst=011.txt
- 5. KDF 55 Process Media Help Company Manufacturing Water Filter Cartridges for Showers Remove Clorine from Water. Lab Test Results from Clack Corporation. htm.
- 6. KDF. Untitled Document.htm
- 7. http://www.cuzn.com/cuzn_benefits.html
- 8. http://www/kdfft.com/success_metal.htm
- 9. http:www.kdfft.com/success_scale.htm
E.G. Rizo.
стр. 6–11
ill: 2
UDC 665.1.013.8:628.5
Ultrafiltration. Treatment of waste water, containing soap and fat, from enterprises of fat and oil industry
A number of difficult and contradictory questions were considered. These questions are significant during fat extraction by ultrafication from waste water of fat and oil industry enterprises (state of the problem, maximum permissible concentration of fats, phase dispersed fats condition in waste waters and mechanism of fat associators’ behavior, current physical chemical processes, the role of soap, some theoretical and practical aspects of ultrification of fat and oil containing waste waters). Concrete recommendations and schemes of the implementation of fat solutions’ ultrafication processes by the results of laboratory and experimental industrial investigations of All Russian Fats Research Institute and production tests are given.
Key words: waste waters, fat substances, treatment, membrane, ultrafication.
Bibliogr.
- 1. Ю.Ю. Лурье «Аналитическая химия промышленных сточных вод», М. «Химия», 1984 г.
- 2. Справочник по свойствам, методам анализа и очистке воды. Киев, Наукова думка,1980 г., ч.1.
- 3. ПНД Ф 14.1:2.122-97 Количественный химический анализ вод. Методика выполнения измерений массовой концентрации жиров в пробах природных и очищенных сточных вод гравиметрическим методом, М, 1997.
- 4. Методика определения жиров в сточных водах, ЦИКВ, СПб, 1998.
- 5. Руководство по методам исследования, технохимическому контролю и учету производства в масложировой промышленности, т.5, ВНИИЖ, Л, 1975.
- 6. «Правила пользования системами коммунального водоснабжения и канализации в Российской Федерации» (Пост. Правительства 3167 от 12.02.99).
- 7. «Методические рекомендации по расчету количества и качества принимаемых сточных вод и загрязняющих веществ в системы канализации населенных пунктов»», МДК 3-01.2001 г., М., Госстрой России, 2001 г.
- 8. Санитарные правила и нормы СанПиН 2.1.5.980-10 «Гигиенические требования к охране поверхностных вод», М. ФЦ Госсанэпиднадзора Минздрава России, 2000 г.
- 9. Ю.П. Седлухо, С.А. Иванов. «Проблемы и перспективы развития городского водного хозяйства», ж. «Вода, технология и экология», 2009 г., №1, с. 3-9.
- 10. Мачигин В.С. и др. «Очистка подмыльного щелока мыловаренных предприятий по бессточной технологии с извлечением ценных компонентов и их возвратом в производство», ж. «Вода, технология и экология», 2009 г., №1, с. 36–52.
- 11. Мачигин В.С. и др. «Очистка подмыльного щелока мыловаренных предприятий по бессточной технологии с получением кальциево-натриевой мыльной стружки и возвратом хлористого натрия в производство», ж. «Вода, технология и экология», 2009 г., №2, с. 56–61.
- 12. Л.А. Кульский. «Очистка воды на основе классификации ее примесей», Издательство УкрНИИНТИ, 1967 г.
- 13. Л.А. Кульский. «Теоретическое обоснование технологии очистки воды», Наукова думка Киев, 1968 г.
- 14. Ю.И. Дытнерский. «Мембранные процессы разделения жидких смесей», М, Химия, 1975.
- 15. «Технологические процессы с применением мембран»,М, Мир, 1976 (Lacey, Loeb).
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- 17. Дубяга В.П. и др. «Полимерные мембраны», М, Химия, 1981.
- 18. С.-Т. Хванг, К.Каммермейер. «Мембранные процессы разделения», М, Химия, 1981.
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- 23. М. Мулдер. «Введение в мембранную технологию», М.Мир, 1999.
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- 25. Дерягин Б.В., Нерпин С.В., Чураев Н.В., Коллоид.ж., 1964, т. 26, №1, с. 3–7.
- 26. Мачигин В.С., Щербакова Л.Н. «Очистка сточных вод масложировой промышленности», М., ЦНИИТЭИпищепром, серия 6, МЖП, Обзорная информация, Выпуск 4, 1979 г.
- 27. Мачигин В.С. и др. «Физико-химический состав жирового ультрафильтрационного концентрата», Характеристика жиромассы после очистки жирсодержащих сточных вод методом реагентной ции», Вестник ВНИИЖ, 2003,2, с. 45–53.
- 28. Мачигин В.С. и др. «Доочистка жирсодержащих сточных вод методом обратного осмоса», Вестник ВНИИЖ, 2004, 1, с. 64–69.
- 29. Мачигин В.С. и др. «Исследование проницаемости и селективности полых волокон», Вестник ВНИИЖ, 2004, 1, с. 69–74.
- 30. Мачигин В.С. и др. «Исследование очистки сточных вод от жировых веществ на керамических мембранах», Вестник ВНИИЖ, 2005, 1, с. 38–41.
- 31. Мачигин В.С., Щербакова Л.Н. «Ультрафильтрационная очистка бензиножирсодержащих сточных вод в оборотной системе МЭЗа», Вестник ВНИИЖ, 2005, 2, с. 37–42.
- 32. Мачигин В.С., Щербакова Л.Н. «Безреагентное концентрирование разбавленных соапстоков ультрафильтрцией», ж. «Масложироваяпромышленность», 2008, 6, с. 38–40.
- 33. Мачигин В.С. и др. «Концентрирование фосфатидной эмульсии ультрафильтрацией», Вестник ВНИИЖ, 2008, 2, с. 38–40.
- 34. А/с СССР № 1313808 от 01.02.1987., Мачигин В.С. и др. «Способ извлечения жировых веществ из водных растворов».
- 35. Патент РФ № 2184084 за 2002 г. Мачигин В.С., Лялин В.А. «Способ очистки жирсодержащих сточных вод».
- 36. Мачигин В.С., Щербакова Л.Н., Алексеев В.И. «Непрерывное удаление всплывшей жиромассы при очистке жирсодержащих сточных вод», ж. «Вестник ВНИИЖ», 2006, 2, с. 39–40.
V.S. Machigin.
стр. 14–37
Tabl: 1
ill: 14
UDC 557.475: 574.5: 574.6
A new method of detection of toxicity of watersoluble substances and nanoparticles using aquatic macrophytes and its application
A new method of detection of phytotoxicity was suggested and successfully applied. The metod was applied when the interactions of the nanoparticles of gold (Au) with the aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum under conditions of microcosms were studied. For the first time some phytotoxicity of the nanoparticles of Au to aquatic macrophytes was shown. The data added some new information to the knowledge of phytotoxicity of metals.
Key words: aquatic organisms, aquatic microcosms, macrophytes, nanoparticles, Au, toxicity, new method, Ceratophyllum demersum.
Bibliogr.
- 1. Ивантер Э.В., Медведев Н.В. Экологическая токсикология природных популяций. М.: Наука, 2007. 229 с.
- 2. Ермаков В.В., Тютиков С.Ф. Геохимическая экология животных. М.: Наука, 2008. 315 с.
- 3. Остроумов С.А. Тритон Х-100 // Токсикологический вестник. 1999. № 4. C.41.
- 4. Остроумов С.А. Сульфат кадмия: действие на мидий // Токсикологический вестник. 2004. № 6. С. 36–37.
- 5. Остроумов С.А. Фтортитанат калия [воздействие на фильтрацию воды мидиями Mytilus galloprovincialis]. // Токсикологический вестник. 2007, №3, С. 39–40.
- 6. Остроумов С.А., Соломонова Е.А. Синтетическое моющее средство «Аист-Универсал»: воздействие на Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. // Токсикологический вестник. 2007. № 1, С. 40–41.
- 7. Остроумов С.А., Соломонова Е.А. Синтетическое моющее средство «Аист-Универсал»: воздействие на прорастание семян и удлинение проростков гречихи Fagopyrum esculentum. // Токсикологический вестник. 2007, №5. С. 42–43.
- 8. Остроумов С. А., Соломонова Е. А. Исследование взаимодействия додецилсульфата натрия с водными макрофитами в экспериментальных условиях // Токсикологический вестник. – 2008. – №4. – С. 21–26.
- 9. Соломонова Е.А., Остроумов С.А. Воздействие додецилсульфата натрия на биомассу макрофитов Najas guadelupensis L. // Токсикологический вестник. 2009. № 2. С. 32–35.
- 10. Соломонова Е.А., Остроумов С. А. Биоэффекты воздействия додецилсульфата натрия на водные макрофиты. // Водное хозяйство России. 2006. №6. С. 32–39.
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- 17. Остроумов С.А., Семыкина Н.А. Реагирование Fagopyrum esculentum Moench на загрязнение водной среды полимерным ПАВ // Экология. 1993. № 6. C. 50–55.
- 18. Стрижко В.С., Меретуков М.А. Золото. // Химическая энциклопедия. 1990. т. 2. С. 334–338. (Москва, издательство «Советская энциклопедия»).
- 19. Ермаков В.В. Изучение взаимодействия загрязняющих веществ с водными организмами // Вода: технология и экология. 2009. №2. с. 69 – 73.
- 20. Boisselier E., Astruc D. Gold nanoparticles in nanomedicine: preparations, imaging, diagnostics, therapies and toxicity. // Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009. Vol. 38(6). P. 1759–1782.
- 21. Ostroumov S.A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p.
S.A. Ostroumov, V.A. Poklonov.
стр. 38–45
Tabl: 2
UDC 550.4: 557.475: 574.5: 574.6
Studying aquatic macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum: content of Sr, Sc, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Sb, Th, U, Hf, Zr, Au, lanthanides and other elements
For the first time the concentrations of some elements in the macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum were measured. Their concentrations were measured using neutron activation analysis (NAA). Concentrations of gold, uranium, thorium and other elements were determined. The new data added some information to the modern vision of the polyfunctional role of the biota in the functioning of water systems (Hydrobiologia. – 2002. – Vol. 469. – P. 117–129.), and allow to assess the potential of accumulation of the chemical elements by the populations of the macrophytes C. demersum in aquatic ecosystems.
Key words: aquatic ecosystems, plants, macrophytes, water quality, freshwater objects, biogeochemistry, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Na, Sr, Sc,Co, Ni, Zn, As, Sb, Th, U, Br, Hf, Zr, Au, Ceratophyllum demersum.
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- 13. Остроумов С.А. О некоторых вопросах поддержания качества воды и ее самоочищения // Водные ресурсы. – 2005. – т. 32. – № 3. – С. 337–347.
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- 28. Аникиев В.В., Дударев О.В., Касаткина А.П., Колесов Г.М. Влияние терригенных и биогенных факторов на формирование седиментационных потоков химических элементов в прибрежной зоне Японского моря // Геохимия. 1996. № 1. С. 59–72.
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S.A. Ostroumov, G.M. Kolesov.
стр. 46–55
Tabl: 3
UDC 556.113:537.52:544.022
Explanation of emergence of soaring water bridge. Structure of supermolecular aquasystems fragments
Water properties in a strong electric field are explained from the position of authors’ ideas about the water as a supermolecular ecosystem with the single dynamic network of hydrogen bonds, connecting its different supramolecular aquafragments of nano-, micro- and macro- level.
Key words: supermolecular ecosystem; single dynamic network of hydrogen bonds; supramolecular aquafragments: aquaassociators, aquaclusters, aquaclutrats; lifetime of micro- and macro-aquafragments.
Bibliogr.
- 1. ElmarCFuchs et al The floating water bridge, J. Phys.D: Appl. Phis.40(2007)6112-4.
- 2. ElmarCFuchs et al Dymanic of the floating water bridge, J. Phys. D: Appl.Phis.41(2008)185502(5pp).
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- 4. Д.Н. Левченко, Н.В. Бергштейн, А.Д. Худякова, Н.М. Николаева. «Эмульсии нефти с водой и методы их разрушения». М.: Химия, 1967 г. – 200 с.
- 5. В.И. Слесарев, А.В. Шабров. «Неизвестные свойства чистой воды». Вода: Технология и Экология, №1, С. 68–72, 2009 г.
- 6. В.И. Слесарев, А.В. Шабров. «Структурно-информационные свойства воды и явление «аквакоммуникации». Вода и экология: проблемы и решения, №4, С. 49–82, 2004 г.
- 7. Смирнов А.Н., Акустическая эмиссия при протекании химической реакции и физико-химических процессов, Российский химический журнал, М.: 2001, т. 45, С. 29–34.
- 8. Кузнецов Д.М., Гапонов В.Л., Смирнов А.Н., О возможности исследования кинетики фазовых переходов в жидкой среде методом акустичесой эмиссии, “Инженерная физика”, №1, 2008, С. 16–20.
- 9. Смирнов А.Н., Сыроешкин А.В., Супранадмолекулярные комплексы воды. Российский химический журнал, М.: Российское химическое общество им. Д.И. Менделеева, 2004, т. 58, С. 125–135.
- 10. Иваницкий Г.Р., Деев А.А., Хижняк Е.П., Структуры на поверхности воды, наблюдаемые с помощью инфракрасной техники. Успехи физических наук, т. 175, №11, 1207–1216, 2005 г.
A.N. Smirnov, V.I.Slesarev.
стр. 56–60
ill: 1
UDC 502.51:574.64:556.114
Metals in freshwater ecosystems of European part of Russia, including in water and several species of freshwater fish. About the monograph by T.I. Moiseenko, L.P. Kudryavtzeva and N.A. Gashkina “Diffused elements in mainland surface waters: technofility, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicology”
Review for monograph by T.I. Moiseenko, L.P. Kudryavtzeva and N.A. Gashkina “Diffused elements in mainland surface waters: technofility, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicology”.
Key words: water pollution; heavy metals; fish; ecotoxicology; freshwater ecosystems.
Bibliogr.
- 1. Моисеенко Т.И., Кудрявцева Л.П., Гашкина Н.А. Рассеянные элементы в поверхностных водах суши: технофильность, биоаккумуляция и экотоксикология. 2006. М.: Наука.
- 2. Моисеенко Т.И. Оценка экологической опасности в условиях загрязнения вод металлами // Водные ресурсы. 1999. Т. 26. № 2. С. 186–197.
- 3. Моисеенко Т.И. Экотоксикологический подход к оценке качества вод. Водные ресурсы. 2005. Т. 32. № 2. С. 184–195.
- 4. Моисеенко Т.И., Гашкина Н.А., Шарова Ю.Н., Покоева А.Г. Экотоксикологическая оценка последствий загрязнения вод р. Волги. Водные ресурсы. 2005. Т. 32. № 4. С. 410–424.
- 5. Остроумов С.А. О биотическом самоочищении водных экосистем. Элементы теории. //ДАН. 2004, т.396, № 1, С.136–141.
- 6. Остроумов С.А. О некоторых вопросах поддержания качества воды и ее самоочищения. //Водные ресурсы. (2005) т. 32, № 3, С. 337–347.
- 7. Остроумов С.А. О полифункциональной роли биоты в самоочищении водных экосистем// Экология.(2005) №6, С. 452–459.
- 8. Остроумов С.А. Остроумов С.А., Хушвахтова С.Д., Данилова В.Н., Ермаков В.В. Содержание ртути в моллюсках Unio pictorum, Anodonta, Viviparus viviparus // Проблемы экологии и гидробиологии / Ред. Тодераш И.К., Остроумов С.А., Зубкова Е.И. 2008. М.: МАКС Пресс, С. 31–34.
- 9. Остроумов С.А., С.Д.Хушвахтова, В.Н. Данилова, В.В.Ермаков. Изучение содержания ртути в двустворчатых моллюсках. – Экология окружающей среды и безопасность жизнедеятельности. 2007, №5, С.79–80.
- 10. Моисеенко Т.И. Концепция «здоровья» экосистем в оценке качества вод // Экология. 2008. № 5. С. 304. 1–34.
- 11. Моисеенко Т.И. Антропогенная изменчивость пресноводных экосистем и критерии оценки качества вод // Проблемы экологического мониторинга и моделирования экосистем. 2003. Т. 19. С. 72.
- 12. Моисеенко Т.И. Водная экотоксикология: теоретические принципы и практическое приложение // Водные ресурсы. 2008. Т. 35. №5. С. 554–565.
- 13. Моисеенко Т.И., Гашкина Н.А. Факторы формирования химического состава вод малых озер Доклады Академии наук. 2005. Т. 401. №6. С. 802-807.
- 14. Моисеенко Т.И., Гашкина Н.А. Микроэлементы в поверхностных водах суши и особенности их водной миграции //Доклады Академии наук. 2005. Т. 405. №3. С. 395–400.
- 15. Остроумов С.А. Критерии экологической опасности антропогенных воздействий на биоту: поиски системы // Доклады РАН (ДАН). 2000. Т. 371. № 6. С. 844–846.
- 16. Остроумов С.А. Концепция водной биоты как лабильного и уязвимого звена системы самоочищения воды // Доклады РАН (ДАН). 2000. Т. 372. № 2. С. 279–282.
- 17. Остроумов С.А. Колесников М. П. Биокатализ переноса вещества в микрокосме ингибируется контаминантом: воздействие ПАВ на Lymnaea stagnalis // Доклады РАН (ДАН). 2000. Т. 373. № 2. С. 278–280.
- 18. Остроумов С.А. Водная экосистема: крупноразмерный диверсифицированный биореактор с функцией самоочищения воды // ДАН, 2000, Т. 374, №3. С. 427–429.
- 19. Остроумов С.А. Ингибиторный анализ регуляторных взаимодействий в трофических цепях // ДАН, 2000, Т. 375, № 6. С. 847–849.
- 20. Остроумов С.А. Амфифильное вещество подавляет способность моллюсков фильтровать воду и удалять из нее клетки фитопланктона // Известия РАН. Сер. Биол. 2001. № 1. С. 108–116.
- 21. Остроумов С.А. Воздействие амфифильных веществ на морских гидробионтов-фильтраторов. ДАН. 2001. Т. 378. № 2. С. 283–285.
- 22. Остроумов С.А. Дисбаланс факторов, контролирующих численность одноклеточных планктонных организмов, при антропогенных воздействиях // ДАН. 2001. Т. 379. № 1. С. 136–138.
- 23. Остроумов С.А. Колесников М. П. Пеллеты моллюсков в биогеохимических потоках C, N, P, Si, Al. ДАН. 2001.Т. 379. № 3. С. 426–429.
- 24. Остроумов С.А. Реагирование Unio tumidus при воздействии смесевого химического препарата и опасность синэкологического суммирования антропогенных воздействий. ДАН. 2001. Т. 380. № 5. С. 714–717.
- 25. Остроумов С.А. Опасность двухуровневого синергизма при синэкологическом суммировании антропогенных воздействий. ДАН. 2001. Т. 380. №6 С. 847–849.
- 26. Остроумов С.А. Синэкологические основы решения проблемы эвтрофирования. ДАН. 2001 Т. 381 № 5. С. 709–712.
- 27. Остроумов С.А. Сохранение биоразнообразия и качество воды: роль обратных связей в экосистемах. ДАН. 2002. Т.382. № 1. С. 138–141.
- 28. Остроумов С.А. Новый тип действия потенциально опасных веществ: разобщители пелагиально-бентального сопряжения. ДАН. 2002. Т.383. № 1. С. 138–141.
- 29. Остроумов С.А. Система принципов для сохранения биогеоценотической функции и биоразнообразия фильтраторов // ДАН. 2002. Т. 383. № 5. С.710-713.
- 30. Остроумов С.А., Колесников М.П. Моллюски в биогеохимических потоках (C, N, P, Si, Al) и самоочищении воды: воздействие ПАВ // Вестник МГУ. Cер. 16. Биология. 2003 № 1. С. 15–24.
- 31. Остроумов С.А., Вальц Н., Руше Р. Воздействие катионного амфифильного вещества на коловраток // Доклады РАН (ДАН) 2003. Т. 390. № 3. С. 423–426.
- 32. Остроумов С.А. О функциях живого вещества в биосфере // Вестник РАН. 2003. Т. 73. № 3. С.232-238. 42. Влияние синтетических поверхностно-активных веществ на гидробиологические механизмы самоочищения водной среды // Водные ресурсы 2004, Т. 31. № 5. С. 546–555.
- 33. Остроумов С.А. Биологический механизм самоочищения в природных водоемах и водотоках: теория и практика // Успехи современной биологии. 2004. Т.124. №5. С. 429–442.
- 34. Добровольский Г.В. (2007) О развитии некоторых концепций учения о биосфере. Вода: технология и экология. 1, 63–68.
- 35. Ермаков В.В. Техногенез и биогеохимическая эволюция таксонов. М. Наука. 2003. 351 с.
- 36. Ермаков В.В. Биогеохимическая эволюция таксонов в условиях техногенеза. М: Наука. 2003. С. 5–22.
V.A. Zimnukov, S.A. Ostroumov, E.A. Solomonova.
стр. 61–67
UDC 628.1:543.32/34:543.38
To centenary of the organization of the first Vodokanal laboratory. Historic essay.
Essay about the history of water supply development in St. Petersburg during previous 100 years. Organization of regular laboratory water quality control in water supply stations of St. Petersburg. Main stages of modern drinking water quality control: control over water supply source, control over treatment processes during water preparing and control at the output from water supply stations and during transporting to customers.
Key words: water supply in St.Petersburg, history of the problem; laboratory control of drinking water quality.
Bibliogr.
- 1. О гигиене воды: Доклад, представленный на Втором русском водопроводном съезде в Варшаве в 1895 г./Сост. Л.К. Багинский, инж. Варш. гор. водопровода. – Варшава: Тип. С. Оргельбранда сыновей, 1895, – 42 с.
- 2. А.А. Иностранцев. Вода и почва Петербурга. СПб., 1910.
- 3. В.Д. Дмитриев. История развития водоснабжения и водоотведения Санкт-Петербурга. СПб., 2002.
- 4. Водоснабжение Санкт-Петербурга/ГУП «Водоканал С.-Петербурга»; Под общ. ред. Ф.В. Кармазинова. СПб., 2003.
G.V. Yagov.
стр. 68–71
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№ 4
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UDC 628.1.033:628.161.2
Hydrogeochemical aspects of natural water treatment
Character closeness of the processes of mineral formation and dilution in natural waters under natural conditions, water intake and filtration facilities, is shown. Water treatment process is influenced not only by quality and quantity composition of dissolved components (Fe, silicon, calcium, organic acids bonds etc.), but also by their combinations. Microbal cenosis of underground waters and microorganisms, inhabiting equipment surfaces of water intake facilities, water treatment stations, pipelines, have much influence on colmatation processes, water quality and stable work of filtration loading.
Key words: natural waters, treatment, external action, geobiochemical cycles, “water-rock” systems, Fe (iron), aluminum, mineral formation, active and non-active impurities, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, bound water, microorganisms, iron bacteria, biologica
O.D. Lukashevich, N.T. Usova.
стр. 3–15
Tabl: 2
UDC 628.1.033:628.161.3
Reagent-sorption water treatment under domestic conditions as a variant for drinking water problem solution
Some compositions for nature (e.g. river) water treatment or tap water post-treatment under domestic conditions, by very simple treatment, are proposed. Treated water quality corresponds to drinking water norms according to five main rates.
Key words: natural and drinking water, treatment under domestic conditions.
E.D. Gelfand.
стр. 16–19
Tabl: 4
UDC 628.1.033:628.161.3
Scientific and applied aspects of modified microfiber polypropylene production and use in water treatment
Experiments proved the possibility of production and use of the materials with filtering, sorptographic, photocatalystic properties on the basis of polymerous microfiber, modified by tin, titanium and silver oxides, during water treatment.
Key words: microfibers, modified polypropylene, heavy metal ions, semiconductor properties, sorption, oil products, photoactive nanoparticles, metal oxides, photocatalysis, bacteria, viruses, disinfection, thermodestruction, thermooxidation.
G.G. Volokitin, T.D. Malinovskaya, O.D. Lukashevich, G.V. Lysak, I.A. Lysak
стр. 21–29
Tabl: 2
ill: 3
UDC 665.1.013.8:628.5
Fat particles’ form is evidence of clean treatment of soap and fat containing waste waters in ultra- and nanorange
With the help of a nuclearpower microscope they’ve received the pictures of fat particles form in soap and fat containing waste waters, which passed ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes (150 nm, 20 nm), where fat concentration in treated waste waters does not reach 50 mg/l, and nanofiltration on the ceramic membrane 10 nm, where 20 mg/l is reached.
Preliminary results show that fat particles’ form is evidence of waste water pollution with fat substances. Fat particles have the form of a nice petal at treated waste water till fat concentration is 20 mg/l, and at more pollution – spongy fibrillar (fibrous) structure, which differs from a petal form.
Fat particles in the form of nice petals indicate waste water clean treatment from fats and may be a quality criteria for pollution rate.
Key words: soap and fat containing waste waters, ultra- and nanofiltration, particles’ form.
V.S. Machigin, L.N. Scherbakova, L.A. Sanova
стр. 30–39
Tabl: 1
ill: 14
UDC 66:627.83
Water characteristics investigation of the refinery water recycling
Circulating water composition of the refinery’s circulating water systems is studied. Oil products maximum permissible concentration, not influencing circulating water corrosive characteristics, is defined. Changes in circulating water composition and characteristics are studied under increasing of system tightness. Values of Langelie and Larson-Skold rates are calculated under different degrees of system tightness and their influence on equipment corrosion speed is shown. The main corrosion-active bonds in circulating water are defined under different degrees of system tightness.
Key words: oil processing, water recycling system, corrosion-active impurities, physical chemical characteristics, oil products influence on corrosion, scale formation and biological characteristics, Langelie’s index, Larsen-Skold’s index, system hermeticity, sulpha
V.Y. Kolotov.
стр. 40–48
ill: 5
UDC 574.52+58.02
Peculiarities of formation of quality of water in drain of the Uchinsky reservoir on structur diatom algae in spring algal bloom
Detailed studying of features of spring algal bloom of diatom algae in the drain of the Uchinsky reservoir has shown, that the period of algal bloom depends on temperature, speed and wind fluctuations of number of algae in the drain. The general level of development of diatom algae depends on hydrochemical conditions. The dependence is especially shown on quantity of various forms of nitrogen and mineral phosphorus. Daily data are helpful in forecasting of quality of water, which arrives to the waterworks.
Key words: drain of the Uchinsky reservoir, algal bloom of diatom algae, temperature, speed and wind fluctuations, quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus, forecasting of quality of water.
I.M. Vorozhun, T.M. Zhigulina.
стр. 49–59
Tabl: 3
ill: 1
UDC 504:574
Studing components of aquatic microcosms using neutron activation analysis: deposition of La, Ce, Cr and Co in the biogenic detritus after adding to water the mix of salts
In the paper, the possibility was verified of an increase in content of several chemical elements in the biogenic detritus after their adding to water in the form of the solution of salts. The experiments were run in laboratory microcosms, which gives an opportunity to control the conditions of the experiment. The microcosms contained two species of common aquatic organisms – Viviparus viviparus и Ceratophyllum demersum L. As a result, it was discovered that after adding the mix of salts, there is an increase in the concentration of La, Ce, Cr and Co in the detritus. It is the first experimental evidence that adding chemical elements to water leads to an increase of their concentration in the biogenic detritus.
Key words: biogenic detritus, microcosms, the biota, water quality, water self-purification, mollusks, macrophytes, heavy metals, Fe, Zn, La, Ce, Cr, Co, Viviparus viviparus, Ceratophyllum demersum.
S.A. Ostroumov, G.M. Kolesov, S.V. Kotelevtsev, Yu.A. Moiseeva, G.Yu. Kazakov.
стр. 60–68
Tabl: 4
UDC 628.33:628.196
Water: Problems and solutions
At the present time the following water puzzles are topical: water capability to change without reagent its physical, chemical characteristics, biological and physiological functions; water and water systems capability to interact distantly; water “memory”, that is its capability to receive, save, transfer and lose information. All abovementioned water characteristics are well known to the mankind, they are used practically, but don’t have scientific explanation. The authors of the book “Water: problems and solutions” will try to understand and explain the abovementioned mysterious phenomena from materialistic point of view.
Key words: water, aggregate states, structural informational characteristics, hydrogen bonds, anomaly characteristics, “memory”, force fields, characteristics changes without reagent, distant interaction.
V.I. Slesarev, A.V. Shabrov.
стр. 69–79
Tabl: 2
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